Summary / Draft
1.6 Evaluation and Assessment
1.6.1 Land evaluation
Purpose for evaluation: A process whereby the potential use ;
Suitability of the land for various purposes; Alternatives uses are
assessed on the basis of certain criteria
1.6.2 ______________
客觀/ 主觀的指標：
Objective:
ex. Species richness→ alongside subjective value judgment
Isn’t everything to show the worth of Nature reserve/ National
Park/ land
1.6.3 ______________
u Determine priority for conservation
n Need to identify conservation needs; ‚ prioritize those needs
n “Because the world stand to lose a higher proportion of large
vertebrates then of other taxa, some disproportionate expenditure on
their conservation is justified?
n Ex-situ / In-situ conservation problems: (the importance of priority)
Ex-situ: planning part
In-situ: resource and finance are limited
n Reid and Miller’s (1989) conservation priorities:
Distinctiveness 代表性/ 區別性; Utility 效能; Threat 威脅
相關criteria 設定可能出現的問題
If single species are the target of conservation effort, then what are
the best criteria for the selection of those species? (關鍵物種的選擇)
Saving the last fragments of nature sometimes require a choice to be
made the choice can base on any taxonomic/ ecological criteria as
well as utilitarian (功利) & intrinsic (國有) feature. (維持某些地景的
代表性)
Overall aim to “maximize biodiversity” wherever possible? Is it
better to “combine utilitarian & conservation interests”. (連結一些
利益以維持最大的生物多樣性是否可行)
There should be established criteria for selection of PA or not? (保護
區選擇的指標)
Would it be sensible to direct immediate efforts towards centre of
endemism that is those regions which contain significant numbers of
endemic species? (本地種的狀況)
As it is impractical to protect all biotic communities from pollution &
other impacts, what are the most effective methods for identifying the
most sensitive communities? (易受損性與相關威脅)
不同部份的內容需分開處理 (Shaw and Zube, 1980)
discussion about the difficulty of trying to define value, suggested that
the difficulty can be partly overcome by distinguishing between:
economic measures of value; social & psychological; ecological
measures.
2007/02/07
EndNote 學習日誌
EndNote 是一個編輯討人厭reference的東西
我認為這樣的軟體，至少要user friendly一點
但是...好吧....我知道....我該去列reference了
我認為這樣的軟體，至少要user friendly一點
但是...好吧....我知道....我該去列reference了
Tofel ibt 筆記一: 20070207
across= diameter
offsoot 樹木的分枝 (樹幹分枝)
penetrate 穿透、進入
diligently 勤奮
narrative 敘述式的、記事的
rousing Western 激起西部情感的
voracious 貪婪的
tenacious 堅持的
protagonist 主角=lead
offsoot 樹木的分枝 (樹幹分枝)
penetrate 穿透、進入
diligently 勤奮
narrative 敘述式的、記事的
rousing Western 激起西部情感的
voracious 貪婪的
tenacious 堅持的
protagonist 主角=lead
2007/02/04
Enhacing our Heritage--Part E--Hockings et al., 2006
2. Effective management systems
It is difficult to manage effectively without basic businessmanagement systems.
Some suggestions are:
*straightforward changes in management practices
*followed by small-scale projects that could enhance capacity
*larger-scale projects to address major management issues
3. Developing clear management targets
*Site values however should also reflect other natural values such as geological or representative ecological processes, as well as any cultural or social values that arelocally, nationally or globally important to stakeholders.
*It proved a challenge to agree on management objectives, inseveral of the pilot sites, particularly for the areas that did not have agreed or effective management plans.
4. Increasing site knowledge
*There is an on-going need to collect data and develop,expand or refine monitoring systems to assess the overall condition of the site and to ensure that site management is leading to the expected conservation outcomes.
*Focus on effective and critical oucome evaluation.
It is difficult to manage effectively without basic businessmanagement systems.
Some suggestions are:
*straightforward changes in management practices
*followed by small-scale projects that could enhance capacity
*larger-scale projects to address major management issues
3. Developing clear management targets
*Site values however should also reflect other natural values such as geological or representative ecological processes, as well as any cultural or social values that arelocally, nationally or globally important to stakeholders.
*It proved a challenge to agree on management objectives, inseveral of the pilot sites, particularly for the areas that did not have agreed or effective management plans.
4. Increasing site knowledge
*There is an on-going need to collect data and develop,expand or refine monitoring systems to assess the overall condition of the site and to ensure that site management is leading to the expected conservation outcomes.
*Focus on effective and critical oucome evaluation.
Enhacing our Heritage--Part D--Hockings et al., 2006
Fund (Cost): US$30,000 per site/per year
took four years form undertake to monitor system
Lesson learned:
1. Working in partnership
2. Effective management systems
3. Developing clear management targets
4. Increasing site knowledge
1. Working in partnership
(1) It is rigorous (hard) for site managers to assemble a team of stakeholder representatives to work with them to develop and support the M&E process.
(2) It should avoid overlapping of activities by different stakeholders and thus maximize the use of their resources.
(3) Although there are some stakeholder dialogues, but most are just provide information for elicit rather than working with managers and share information and opinions and ensure effectivesite management
(4) Stakeholder input need to be strengthened. There remains a strong tendency for reports produced solely or largely by managers to present a ‘positive’view of management, with limited external input.
took four years form undertake to monitor system
Lesson learned:
1. Working in partnership
2. Effective management systems
3. Developing clear management targets
4. Increasing site knowledge
1. Working in partnership
(1) It is rigorous (hard) for site managers to assemble a team of stakeholder representatives to work with them to develop and support the M&E process.
(2) It should avoid overlapping of activities by different stakeholders and thus maximize the use of their resources.
(3) Although there are some stakeholder dialogues, but most are just provide information for elicit rather than working with managers and share information and opinions and ensure effectivesite management
(4) Stakeholder input need to be strengthened. There remains a strong tendency for reports produced solely or largely by managers to present a ‘positive’view of management, with limited external input.
Enhacing our Heritage--Part C--Hockings et al., 2006
*Initial Evaluation*
1.Be used to gain baseline data on the current situation
2.Information can also be used to develop addition M&E systems to
(1) formulate small-scale response
(2) large-scale proposals for areas where adaptations to management have been identified (ex. add staff training)
3. Also used to test the various methodologies developed to assess the elements of the IUCN-WCPA Framework
1.Be used to gain baseline data on the current situation
2.Information can also be used to develop addition M&E systems to
(1) formulate small-scale response
(2) large-scale proposals for areas where adaptations to management have been identified (ex. add staff training)
3. Also used to test the various methodologies developed to assess the elements of the IUCN-WCPA Framework
*Results of EoH project
1. As to first aim...
--The research team found that will depend on the managers & management agency awareness and got benefits or not
--Some suggestions: (1) working with managers and staff during periods of management reviews (ex. develop MP together); (2) institutionalize M&E at the agency level.
2. Many PAs can't finish all WCPA framework in first evaluation
3. The success has been mixed in :
(1) Integrating the results of assessment
(2)Resulting adaptive management with management planning
(3) Reinforcing the underlying needs to ensure the sites can implementation
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